Jailhouse Rock: The Story Behind Elvis Presley's Iconic Song

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The Jailhouse Lawyer Initiative (JLI) was founded by Jhody Polk, a formerly incarcerated jailhouse lawyer from Florida and 2018 Soros Justice fellow. The JLI invests in jailhouse lawyers - incarcerated justice advocates - as a core strategy in ending the cycle of incarceration and is housed at NYU School of Law's Bernstein Institute for Human Rights.

Jailhouse lawyers are incarcerated individuals who generally have no formal legal training, but teach themselves the law to advocate for themselves and the rights of their peers. They conduct legal writing, research, and analysis on a host of legal issues from civil rights actions to habeas corpus petitions, administrative grievances, parole/probation, and family law matters, among others. Because of their justice work, these advocates are often retaliated against and silenced by the very institutions they attempt to hold to account. They continue to toil without recognition of their personal growth and rehabilitation, without their names being attached to the legal victories they fought for, and without connection to others doing the work or those standing in solidarity with them on the outside. We believe that breaking the cycle of incarceration requires building bridges between inside and out communities. Jailhouse lawyers are an essential part of reforming and abolishing the broken carceral system. We see jailhouse lawyers as incarcerated advocates who are THE bridge builders.

Within These Walls - Seeking Justice from the Inside Out is an art project that creates a platform for jailhouse lawyers to describe their lived experience in their own words. Featuring portions of letters from currently incarcerated jailhouse lawyers from across the United States, Within these Walls highlights different aspects of the legal empowerment cycle. Starting with challenges faced by individuals within the carceral system, moving on to the ways that individuals have been using knowledge to shape the system, and ending with examples of people achieving empowered outcomes.

Specifically, the department found reasonable cause to believe that Orange County prosecutors and Sheriff deputies violated the Sixth Amendment by using jailhouse informants to elicit incriminating statements from people who had been arrested, after those individuals had been charged with a crime. The department also found that Orange County prosecutors violated the Fourteenth Amendment by failing to disclose exculpatory evidence about those custodial informants to criminal defendants. The department believes that OCDA and OCSD stopped using informants as agents of law enforcement to obtain statements from charged defendants in the Orange County Jail in 2016.

Abstract For jailhouse lawyers, winning a lawsuit seems like a victory, but there are multiple barriers to practicing law post-incarceration. Building on personal experiences, this Essay focuses on the deterrents to legal education in prison and post-incarceration for jailhouse lawyers. Through an examination of structural obstacles that keep formerly incarcerated people out of the legal...

Abstract In this reflection, James Bottomley shares his experience as a formerly barred attorney who is now incarcerated in a California state prison. Bottomley has practiced as a jailhouse lawyer for himself and other incarcerated people in recent years but is now retired from the practice of law. Introduction When I was in jail, depressed that my next destination was the California state...

As mentioned previously, Jailhouse cooperates closely with Linux and relies on itfor hardware bootstrapping, hypervisor launch and doing management tasks(like creating new cells). Bootstrapping is really essential here, as itis a rather complex task for modern computers, and implementing it withinJailhouse would make it much more complex. That being said, Jailhousedoesn't meld with the kernel as KVM (which is a kernel module) does. Itis loaded as a firmware image (the same way Wi-Fi adapters load theirfirmware blobs) and resides in a dedicated memory region that you shouldreserve at Linux boot time. Jailhouse's kernel module (jailhouse.ko,also called "driver") loads the firmware and creates /dev/jailhousedevice, which the Jailhouse userspace tool uses, but it doesn't contain anyhypervisor logic.

Jailhouse also provides some means for getting cellstatistics. At the most basic level, there is the sysfs interface under/sys/devices/jailhouse. Several tools exist that pretty-print thisdata. For instance, you can list cells currently on the system with:

In sum, trading leniency for information is a risky public policy with deep implications for the entire criminal process. This piece explains an especially fraught version of that policy: the use and reward of jailhouse informants.

As a result of this jailhouse informant culture, law enforcement officials will often not need to instruct informants to collect or fabricate evidence because the culture will already have done so. This arrangement effectively permits an end-run around the Constitution. A defendant who has been charged with a crime has the constitutional right to counsel. In Massiah v. United States, the Supreme Court explained that the government cannot use informants to deliberately elicit information from such defendants without their lawyer present. Informants who collect information on their own, by contrast, are not considered government agents and therefore do not fall under the prohibition. Entrepreneurial informants can truthfully state that no government actor instructed them to collect information about a defendant, even though they received implicit encouragement to do so. Likewise, many jailhouse informants can truthfully state to the jury that they have not received or been promised any benefit, even though realistically they expect to and will be compensated for their testimony. Ironically, jurors will often be the only people in the courtroom who do not understand this arrangement.

Perhaps the best-known problem with jailhouse informants is their unreliability. Bruce Lisker, for example, was wrongfully convicted of murdering his mother, based on the testimony of a jailhouse snitch. He was exonerated in 2009 after serving 24 years in prison. Thomas Goldstein served over 20 years for a murder he did not commit, based on the fabricated testimony of an experienced jailhouse informant named Edward Fink. As a result of the Los Angeles jailhouse snitch scandal, hundreds of convictions were overturned.

Jailhouse informants can also exacerbate problems with weak forensic evidence. Specifically, informants often come forward entrepreneurially when the government has a murder or other high-profile case. When the evidence in those cases is already strong, the government may not need or use informants. But when the case is weak, at precisely the moment when prosecutors should be most concerned about wrongful conviction, the government may turn to jailhouse informants to bolster its case. As a result, there have been numerous instances where jailhouse informant testimony has corroborated unreliable forensic evidence, making weak cases look stronger than they actually were.

Cameron Todd Willingham, for example, was convicted and executed for the arson deaths of his children. His conviction rested on expert arson testimony corroborated by the testimony of a jailhouse snitch who came forward after being promised leniency by the prosecutor. Years later, the arson science was shown to be faulty, and the jailhouse snitch recanted his testimony, making it highly likely that Willingham was wrongfully executed. Jailhouse informant testimony has similarly been used to obtain convictions in cases involving dubious dog-sniff evidence and unreliable eyewitness identifications. The dangers of such wrongful conviction are built into the market for informant testimony because informants have the incentives and opportunities to provide evidence precisely when the government needs it the most and when the risks to the innocent are at their height.

There is growing awareness that using informants, jailhouse informants in particular, leads to wrongful convictions and other miscarriages of justice. As a result, states are engaged in reform. Texas, California, Illinois, and Florida are among states have passed significant new laws; other states, including New York, Nebraska, Washington, and Pennsylvania, have introduced legislation. In 2018, the American Legislative Exchange Council proposed model jailhouse informant reform legislation.

This model provides for greater transparency and disclosure during critical stages of litigation concerning the use of jailhouse informants or incarcerated witnesses. This includes requiring the state to disclose any benefit, such as a reduction of sentence, offered to the witness in exchange for their testimony. It also provides evidentiary standards regarding the admissibility of the testimony of such witnesses.

The episode in question has a few plotlines weaving through its runtime, but the one I was most interested in deals with an inmate working to represent another prisoner against murder charges. I chose this episode because I have always had a love-hate relationship with jailhouse lawyers.

Sure, everyone has a right to represent themselves pro se, but that is entirely distinct from a situation in which a nonattorney represents another individual. Regardless, the jailhouse lawyer in this episode seems to be on his toes. Throughout the jury trial scenes, he is poised. He makes relevant and adequate objections, and he has a clear theme that he works through each of the witnesses he cross-examines.

The bill requires each district attorney's office to maintain a central record that tracks each case in which a jailhouse witness is endorsed by the state to testify against a suspect or defendant's interest. Each district attorney's office shall send the information to the Colorado district attorneys' council, which shall maintain a statewide record of the information division of criminal justice in the department of public safety on a monthly basis to be maintained in a centralized statewide record that is available to district attorneys throughout the state . The information is not subject to open records requests. 2ff7e9595c